Nicotine USP/EP

Nicotine USP/EP is a high-purity form of nicotine that meets the stringent standards set by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and the European Pharmacopoeia (EP). This chemical is widely used in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, e-liquids for electronic cigarettes, and agricultural applications. Its high purity ensures its suitability for these applications, where consistency, safety, and quality are paramount.

Chemical Composition and Properties
  • Chemical Name: Nicotine
  • Molecular Formula: C10H14N2
  • Molecular Weight: 162.23 g/mol
  • CAS Number: 54-11-5

Nicotine is an alkaloid found naturally in the nightshade family of plants (Solanaceae), predominantly in tobacco plants. It is a colorless to pale yellow, oily liquid with a characteristic odor. When exposed to air, nicotine slowly turns brown and acquires a stronger odor due to oxidation.

Specifications

Physical and Chemical Properties
  • Appearance: Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid
  • Odor: Characteristic, pungent
  • Purity: ≥ 99.5%
  • Specific Gravity: 1.009 – 1.011
  • Refractive Index: 1.528 – 1.536
  • Boiling Point: 247°C (477°F)
  • Melting Point: -79°C (-110°F)
  • Solubility: Miscible with water, alcohol, chloroform, and ether
Quality Standards

Nicotine USP/EP adheres to the following standards to ensure its high purity and quality:

  • USP Standards:

    • Identification: Meets the requirements of the USP monograph.
    • Assay: 99.0% to 101.0%
    • Impurities: Limited to acceptable levels as specified in the USP.
    • Residual Solvents: Complies with the USP requirements.
    • Heavy Metals: Not more than 10 ppm.

  • EP Standards:

    • Identification: Meets the requirements of the EP monograph.
    • Assay: 99.0% to 101.0%
    • Related Substances: Within the limits specified in the EP.
    • Residual Solvents: Complies with the EP requirements.
    • Heavy Metals: Not more than 10 ppm.
Applications

  1. Pharmaceutical Industry:

    • Used in the production of nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) such as nicotine gums, patches, lozenges, and inhalers to aid in smoking cessation.
    • Active ingredient in some medications for the treatment of neurological conditions.

  2. E-Liquids for Electronic Cigarettes:

    • A primary component in e-liquids, providing the nicotine content in various concentrations for vaping products.

  3. Agricultural Applications:

    • Used as a natural pesticide due to its toxicity to certain pests.
    • Research applications in plant physiology and toxicology studies.
Safety and Handling

  • Hazards: Nicotine is highly toxic and can be fatal if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin.

  • Precautions:

    • Use personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety glasses, and lab coats.
    • Work in a well-ventilated area or use appropriate fume extraction systems.
    • Store in a cool, dry place away from heat sources and direct sunlight.
    • Keep out of reach of children and animals.

  • First Aid Measures:

    • In case of skin contact: Wash immediately with plenty of water and seek medical attention.
    • In case of eye contact: Rinse thoroughly with water for several minutes and consult a physician.
    • If inhaled: Move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention immediately.
    • If swallowed: Do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical assistance.
Packaging and Storage

  • Packaging: Nicotine USP/EP is typically available in various packaging options such as:

    • Amber glass bottles
    • High-density polyethylene (HDPE) containers
    • Aluminum containers for bulk quantities

  • Storage Conditions:

    • Store in tightly closed containers.
    • Keep in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
    • Protect from light and moisture.
    • Recommended storage temperature: 2-8°C (35.6-46.4°F).